Breast cancer is a significant health issue in Australia, affecting thousands of individuals every year. It occurs when cells in the breast undergo changes, leading to abnormal growth. This uncontrolled proliferation can form a lump, known as a tumour. Tumours can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). If left untreated, these malignant cells can spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream, a process known as metastasis. 

There are various types of breast cancer, classified into invasive and non-invasive forms. Invasive breast cancers spread beyond the original site, while pre-invasive cancers, such as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), remain confined within the ducts or lobules. Common types of breast cancer include: 

• Ductal Carcinoma: The most prevalent form, starting in the milk ducts. 

• Lobular Carcinoma: Originates in the lobules. 

• Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A rare but aggressive form that blocks lymph vessels. 

• Paget’s Disease: Affects the nipple and the area around it. 

• Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Lacks three common markers, making it harder to treat. 

For a deeper understanding of the types of breast cancer, visit the Cancer Council. 

Early detection of breast cancer is vital for successful treatment. Here are some common methods: 

1. Self-Examination

Familiarising yourself with the normal appearance and feel of your breasts can help you spot any changes early. Look for: 

• Unusual lumps or swelling 

• Changes in size or shape 

• Nipple discharge 

• Skin changes such as dimpling or redness 

2. Mammograms

Regular mammograms are crucial, especially for women over 40. This X-ray screening can detect abnormalities before they become noticeable. The BreastScreen Australia program provides free mammograms for women aged 40 and above every two years. 

3. Ultrasound and Biopsies

An ultrasound may be used to further investigate a lump, while a biopsy is the definitive method for diagnosing cancer. Tissue samples are examined in a lab to confirm the presence and type of cancer. 

Awareness and Risk Factors 

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Australian women, with 1 in 7 women and 1 in 700 men diagnosed in their lifetime. While the exact cause remains unknown, several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing breast cancer, including: 

• Age: Risk increases as you age. 

• Family History: A strong family history of breast cancer can double the risk. 

• Genetic Mutations: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, significantly increase risk. 

For more information on risk factors, check out the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 

Conclusion 

Being breast aware is crucial for early detection and effective intervention in breast cancer. Regular screenings and self-examinations can lead to timely action, potentially saving lives. If you notice any changes in your breasts, consult your GP promptly. For additional resources, visit the Breast Cancer Network Australia. 

By staying informed and proactive, we can all contribute to raising awareness and supporting efforts to combat breast cancer in our communities. 

By staying informed and proactive, we can all play a part in combating breast cancer in our communities. 

Sources:  

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2022). Breast cancer. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/cancer/breast-cancer 

Cancer Council Australia. (2023). Breast cancer facts. https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast-cancer 

National Breast Cancer Foundation. (2024). Breast cancer awareness. https://nbcf.org.au/breast-cancer-awareness/ 

Breast Cancer Network Australia. (2023). Early detection. https://www.bcna.org.au/early-detection/ 

Australian Government Department of Health. (2023). Breast cancer screening. https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/breast-cancer